Generic Plaquenil (Hydroxychloroquine)

Common Use

Plaquenil (generic name: Hydroxychloroquine) is an antimalarial and immunomodulatory drug with several clinical applications. It is primarily used for:

• Prevention and treatment of malaria in individuals traveling to or living in regions with malaria risk.

• Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, where it acts as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) to reduce inflammation and suppress overactive immune responses.

Dosage and Administration

Plaquenil is typically available in 200 mg tablets. The dosage depends on the condition being treated and the patient’s individual factors such as age, weight, and medical history.

• For malaria prevention: Usually one tablet (200–400 mg) once weekly, starting 1–2 weeks before travel and continuing for 4 weeks after returning from a malaria-endemic area.

• For malaria treatment: Higher initial doses followed by a lower maintenance dose, as directed by a physician.

• For autoimmune diseases: Common starting doses range from 200 to 400 mg daily. Take with food or milk to reduce stomach upset.

Always follow your physician’s dosing instructions and never exceed the prescribed amount.

Precautions

Before starting Plaquenil, inform your doctor if you have a history of:

• Heart problems (e.g., arrhythmia, congestive heart failure)

• Eye disorders (especially retinal or visual field changes)

• Liver or kidney impairment

• Blood disorders (such as anemia or leukopenia)

• Neurological or psychiatric conditions

Important Notes:

• This medication can affect vision. Regular eye exams are recommended during prolonged use.

• Use with extreme caution in children, as even small overdoses can be fatal.

• Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless specifically advised by your doctor.

Contraindications

Do not use Plaquenil if:

• You have a known allergy to hydroxychloroquine or related compounds (4-aminoquinolines).

• You are diagnosed with retinal changes or visual field abnormalities from prior use.

• You are under 6 years of age, unless explicitly instructed by a healthcare provider.

Possible Side Effects

Serious side effects may include:

• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)

• Heart failure

• Retinal damage or vision changes

• Seizures or severe dizziness

• Severe allergic reactions

Common, less serious side effects:

• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

• Abdominal cramps

• Headache

• Skin rash or itching

• Mood changes (e.g., anxiety, irritability)

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience chest pain, vision problems, or signs of an allergic reaction.

Drug Interactions

Plaquenil may interact with medications such as:

• Drugs that prolong QT interval (e.g., certain antiarrhythmics, antidepressants)

• Digoxin – may increase digoxin levels

• Antidiabetic medications – may enhance their effects, increasing risk of hypoglycemia

• Antiepileptics – may reduce seizure threshold

Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are currently taking.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose:

• Take it as soon as you remember.

• If it is near the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose—do not double up.

• Contact your doctor for guidance if you are unsure.

Overdose

Overdose with Plaquenil can be life-threatening, especially in children. Symptoms may develop quickly (within 30 minutes) and include:

• Drowsiness, headache, or confusion

• Seizures or loss of consciousness

• Vision disturbances

• Irregular heartbeat or cardiovascular collapse

Emergency medical attention is critical. Call emergency services or poison control immediately if overdose is suspected.

Storage

• Store at room temperature (15–30°C / 59–86°F), away from moisture, heat, and direct light.

• Keep in original packaging and out of reach of children.

• Do not use expired medication. Ask your pharmacist about safe disposal.

Conclusion

Plaquenil is a versatile and effective medication used to manage malaria and autoimmune conditions. However, due to its potential for serious side effects, especially with long-term use or improper dosing, it should be taken only under medical supervision. Regular monitoring, particularly of eye health and cardiac function, is essential.

Disclaimer

This content is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, we are not responsible for any outcomes resulting from the use or misuse of the information provided.